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In Japanese, verbs are categorized into three groups: “U-verb” (Group I), “Ru-verb” (Group II), and irregular verbs “する” and “くる”. The conjugation of verbs varies depending on which group they belong to. Let’s explore these verb groups and their conjugation patterns.
Ru-verb, U-verb, Irregular verbs
Ru-verb: end with eru or iru
EXAMPLES
たべる (taberu) to eat
でる (deru) to exit
みる (miru) to see
あびる(abiru) to take a shower
U-Verb: end without eru or iru
EXAMPLES
のむ (nomu) to drink
いく (iku) to go
あう (au) to meet
とる (toru) to take
NOTE: There are a few exceptions such as はしる(hashiru, to run), はいる(hairu, to enter), きる(kiru, to cut). Those verbs end with eru or iru but they are u-verb, not ru-verb.
Irregular Verbs: する and くる
Irregular verbs are those two and their derived words such as べんきょうする(to study) and もってくる (to bring).
Conjugation Chart
Ru-verb:
Ru-verb conjugation is always simple. Just remove the final る and replace it with the appropriate endings such as ます, て, たい, etc.
U-verb:
It’s rather complecated and you might need to spend time to memorize the rules. Check the chart.
Verb Chart
When you come across a new verb, check the last Hiragana of its dictionary form and change it as in the chart below. Suppose you have a verb よろこぶ (to be happy). Last Hiragana is ぶ, so you can change the verb just like あそぶ in the chart.
よろこぶ➤よろこばない➤よろこばれる➤よろこびます…
By understanding these verb groups and their conjugation patterns, you can expand your knowledge of Japanese grammar and express yourself more accurately. Practice conjugating verbs regularly to improve your language skills!
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